The components of food Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Water. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Main source of energy Fats Gives twice the energy of Carbohydrates 1 gm -37KJ of energy Enzyme lipase digests the fats. It breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol. Daily requirement of fats is 50 gms Proteins made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. Important for growth and repair of human body Proteins are made of amino acids Diseases caused due to deficiency of proteins - Kwashiorkor and Marasmus

Important for Normal health, growth vision digestion etc. Vitamins – Two types Water Soluble – Vitamin b Complex, Vitamin C Fat Soluble – Vitamins A, D, E and K What are the Types of Vitamins and Deficiencies? Vitamin A – Retinol – deficiency causes Night Blindness B1 – Thiamine – deficiency causes Beri Beri B2 Riboflavin – deficiency causes Cheilosis C – Ascorbic Acid – deficiency causes Scurvy D – Calciferol – deficiency causes Rickets E – Tocopherol deficiency causes Sterility K – Phylloquinone deficiency causes Hemophilia

Blood – fluid connective tissue 4.7liters. 6-8 percent of body weight What are Blood cells? RBS – Red Blood Corpuscles RBC life 120 days 4.7 to 6.1 million cells/ul (micro liter) White Blood Corpuscles – WNC Produced in bone marrow Defend the body against infection and diseases Platelets Produced in bone marrow Helps in blood clotting

What are Blood Groupings?

Karl Landsteiner – Known as father of Blood grouping Discovered A, B and O blood groups Blood Group A Can donate to A and AB. Receive from A and O Blood Group B Can receive from B and AB Donate to B and O Blood group AB Can Donate to AB Can receive from A, B, AB and O Blood group O Can donate to A, B, AB and O Can receive from O

Blood antigen found in RBC Presence or absence denoted by Rh+ or Rh- Blood transfusion technique –Developed by James Blundell

What are Important Communicable or Infectious Diseases?

Diseases caused by Virus Small Pox – Variola Virus Chicken Pox – Varicella Virus Common Cold – Rhino Virus Influenza (Flu) Orthomixo virus Measles – (Rubello) Measles virus Mumps - Mumps virus Poliomyelitis – Polio Virus Rabies – Rabies virus Dengue - Dengue virus AIDs – Retro Virus Diseases caused by Bacteria Diphtheria – Corynebacterium diptheriae Pneumonia – Diplococcus pneumoniae Tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis Plague – Yersinia pestis Tetanus – Clostridium tetani Typhoid – salmonella typhi Cholera – Vibrio cholera Syphilis – Treponema pallidum Leprosy – Mycobacterium leprae Botulism – clostridium botulinum Malaria – Plasmodium Sleeping sickness-Trypanosoma brucei Kala azar –Leishmania donovani

What are the Common Diseases and Affected parts of the body?

Aida – Immune system of the body Arthritis – Joints Asthma – Bronchial Muscles Cataract – Eyes Conjunctivitis – eyes Glaucoma – eyes Diabetes mellitus –Pancreas and blood Dermatitis – Skin Diphtheria – Throat Eczema – Skin Goitre – Thyroid Hepatitis Liver Jaundice – Liver Malaria – Spleen Meningitis – Brain Paralysis – Nerves and limbs Pyorrhea – teeth Pneumonia – Lungs Typhoid – Intestines Tuberculosis – lungs Tonsilitis – Tonsils gland in throat

What are the important facts about Human Body?

Longest Bone – Femur – Thigh Bone Smallest Bone – stapes (ear) Blood Volume – 4.7 Liters Normal BP – 120/80 mm Hg Life Span of RBC -120 days Life span of WBC – 3-4 days Universal Blood Donor –Type - O Rh D negative Universal Blood recipient - Type AB Rh D positive Average Body weight – 70 Kgs Normal Body temperature – 98.4 0 F or 37 0 C Dental Formula 2123/2123 – total 32 Child -2120/2120 - total 22 teeth Gestation Period – 9 months Largest gland – Liver Largest muscle in the body – Gluteus maximus (buttock muscle) Menstrual Cycle – 28 days Minimum Distance for Proper Vision – 25 cm pH of urine – 6.0

What are Important Alloys and Their Composition?

Duralumin - Aluminium and Copper Brass- Copper and Zinc Bronze- Copper and Tin Invar - Iron and Nickel Stainless steel- Iron, Chromium and Nickel German silver - Copper, Nickel and Zinc Gunmetal- Copper, Tin and Zinc Solder- Lead and Tin Electrum - Gold and Silver Constantan- Copper and Nickel Manganin- Copper, Manganese and Nickel

What are Common and Chemical Names of Important Compounds?

Dry Ice –Solid Carbon dioxide Bleaching Powder – Calcium Ocychloride Caustic Soda – Sodium Hydroxide Potash alum – Potassium Aluminium Sulphate Epsom – Magnesium Sulphate Quick Lime – Calcium Oxide Plaster of Paris – calcium Sulphate Gypsum – Calcium Sulphate Green Vitriol – Ferrous Sulphate Blue Vitriol – Copper Sulphate White Vitriol – Zinc Sulphate Marsh gas – Methane Vinegar – Acetic acid Baking Powder – Sodium Bicarbonate Washing Soda –Sodium Carbonate Magnesia – Magnesium Oxide Laughing Gas – Nitrous Oxide Chloroform – Tricholormethane Vermilion –Mercuric Sulphide Borax – Borax Alcohol – Ethyl Alcohol Sugar – Sucrose Heavy water – Deuterium Oxide Sand – Silicon Oxide.

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	Banking IBPS PO Clerical Insurance Railways UPSC SSC CTET NDA CDS RRB Exams General Knowledge Super Fast Revision for Competitive Examinations.


	Science What is Nutrition? The components of food Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Water. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Main source of energy

		Fats Gives twice the energy of Carbohydrates 1 gm -37KJ of energy Enzyme lipase digests the fats. It breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol. Daily requirement of fats is 50 gms Proteins made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. Important for growth and repair of human body Proteins are made of amino acids Diseases caused due to deficiency of proteins - Kwashiorkor and Marasmus


	What are Vitamins? Important for Normal health, growth vision digestion etc. Vitamins – Two types Water Soluble – Vitamin b Complex, Vitamin C Fat Soluble – Vitamins A, D, E and K What are the Types of Vitamins and Deficiencies?

		Vitamin A – Retinol – deficiency causes Night Blindness B1 – Thiamine – deficiency causes Beri Beri B2 Riboflavin – deficiency causes Cheilosis C – Ascorbic Acid – deficiency causes Scurvy D – Calciferol – deficiency causes Rickets E – Tocopherol deficiency causes Sterility K – Phylloquinone deficiency causes Hemophilia Water – Important for survival and digestion, excretion, body temperature regulation. Body contains 65 % water


	What is Blood? Blood – fluid connective tissue 4.7liters. 6-8 percent of body weight What are Blood cells? RBS – Red Blood Corpuscles RBC life 120 days 4.7 to 6.1 million cells/ul (micro liter)

	White Blood Corpuscles – WNC Produced in bone marrow Defend the body against infection and diseases Platelets Produced in bone marrow Helps in blood clotting What are Blood Groupings? Karl Landsteiner – Known as father of Blood grouping Discovered A, B and O blood groups

	Blood Group A Can donate to A and AB. Receive from A and O Blood Group B Can receive from B and AB Donate to B and O Blood group AB Can Donate to AB Can receive from A, B, AB and O Blood group O Can donate to A, B, AB and O Can receive from O


	What is Rh factor? Blood antigen found in RBC Presence or absence denoted by Rh+ or Rh- Blood transfusion technique –Developed by James Blundell

	What are Important Communicable or Infectious Diseases? Diseases caused by Virus Small Pox – Variola Virus Chicken Pox – Varicella Virus Common Cold – Rhino Virus Influenza (Flu) Orthomixo virus

	Measles – (Rubello) Measles virus Mumps - Mumps virus Poliomyelitis – Polio Virus Rabies – Rabies virus Dengue - Dengue virus AIDs – Retro Virus

		Diseases caused by Bacteria Diphtheria – Corynebacterium diptheriae Pneumonia – Diplococcus pneumoniae Tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis Plague – Yersinia pestis Tetanus – Clostridium tetani Typhoid – salmonella typhi

		Cholera – Vibrio cholera Syphilis – Treponema pallidum Leprosy – Mycobacterium leprae Botulism – clostridium botulinum Malaria – Plasmodium Sleeping sickness-Trypanosoma brucei Kala azar –Leishmania donovani


	What are the Common Diseases and Affected parts of the body? Aida – Immune system of the body Arthritis – Joints Asthma – Bronchial Muscles Cataract – Eyes Conjunctivitis – eyes

	Glaucoma – eyes Diabetes mellitus –Pancreas and blood Dermatitis – Skin Diphtheria – Throat Eczema – Skin Goitre – Thyroid Hepatitis Liver Jaundice – Liver

		Malaria – Spleen Meningitis – Brain Paralysis – Nerves and limbs Pyorrhea – teeth Pneumonia – Lungs Typhoid – Intestines Tuberculosis – lungs Tonsilitis – Tonsils gland in throat

	What are the important facts about Human Body? Longest Bone – Femur – Thigh Bone Smallest Bone – stapes (ear) Blood Volume – 4.7 Liters Normal BP – 120/80 mm Hg Life Span of RBC -120 days Life span of WBC – 3-4 days

		Universal Blood Donor –Type - O Rh D negative Universal Blood recipient - Type AB Rh D positive Average Body weight – 70 Kgs Normal Body temperature – 98.4 0 F or 37 0 C Dental Formula 2123/2123 – total 32 Child -2120/2120 - total 22 teeth Gestation Period – 9 months

		Largest gland – Liver Largest muscle in the body – Gluteus maximus (buttock muscle) Menstrual Cycle – 28 days Minimum Distance for Proper Vision – 25 cm pH of urine – 6.0

		What are Important Alloys and Their Composition? Duralumin - Aluminium and Copper Brass- Copper and Zinc Bronze- Copper and Tin Invar - Iron and Nickel Stainless steel- Iron, Chromium and Nickel German silver - Copper, Nickel and Zinc Gunmetal- Copper, Tin and Zinc Solder- Lead and Tin Electrum - Gold and Silver Constantan- Copper and Nickel Manganin- Copper, Manganese and Nickel

	What are Common and Chemical Names of Important Compounds? Dry Ice –Solid Carbon dioxide Bleaching Powder – Calcium Ocychloride Caustic Soda – Sodium Hydroxide Potash alum – Potassium Aluminium Sulphate Epsom – Magnesium Sulphate Quick Lime – Calcium Oxide Plaster of Paris – calcium Sulphate

	Gypsum – Calcium Sulphate Green Vitriol – Ferrous Sulphate Blue Vitriol – Copper Sulphate White Vitriol – Zinc Sulphate Marsh gas – Methane Vinegar – Acetic acid Baking Powder – Sodium Bicarbonate Washing Soda –Sodium Carbonate

		Magnesia – Magnesium Oxide Laughing Gas – Nitrous Oxide Chloroform – Tricholormethane Vermilion –Mercuric Sulphide Borax – Borax Alcohol – Ethyl Alcohol Sugar – Sucrose Heavy water – Deuterium Oxide Sand – Silicon Oxide.


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	Banking IBPS PO Clerical Insurance Railways UPSC SSC CTET NDA CDS RRB Exams General Knowledge Super Fast Revision for Competitive Examinations.


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